Ozone-induced enhancement of airway hyperreactivity in rhesus macaques: Effects of antioxidant treatment.

Background: Ozone (O) inhalation elicits airway inflammation and impairs treatment responsiveness in asthmatic patients. The underlying immune mechanisms have been difficult to study because of the lack of relevant experimental models. Rhesus macaques spontaneously have asthma and have a similar immune system to human subjects.

MIF family proteins in genitourinary cancer: tumorigenic roles and therapeutic potential.

Genitourinary cancers encompass some of the most common solid tumours and have high rates of morbidity and mortality. Inflammation is associated with enhanced tumorigenesis, and a number of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), also promote tumorigenesis. Studies of the role of MIF (which largely functions via the type II transmembrane receptor CD74) in prostate, bladder and kidney cancers suggest that it is a pro-tumorigenic factor in genitourinary malignancy.

LGM2605 Reduces Space Radiation-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Damage in In Vitro Lung Vascular Networks.

Updated measurements of charged particle fluxes during the transit from Earth to Mars as well as on site measurements by Curiosity of Martian surface radiation fluxes identified potential health hazards associated with radiation exposure for human space missions. Designing mitigation strategies of radiation risks to astronauts is critical. We investigated radiation-induced endothelial cell damage and its mitigation by LGM2605, a radioprotector with antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.

MIF antagonist (CPSI-1306) protects against UVB-induced squamous cell carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a homotrimeric proinflammatory cytokine implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases and malignancies, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). To determine whether MIF inhibition could reduce UVB light-induced inflammation and squamous carcinogenesis, a small-molecule MIF inhibitor (CPSI-1306) was utilized that disrupts homotrimerization. To examine the effect of CPSI-1306 on acute UVB-induced skin changes, Skh-1 hairless mice were systemically treated with CPSI-1306 for 5 days before UVB exposure.

Macrophage migratory inhibitory factor promotes bladder cancer progression via increasing proliferation and angiogenesis.

Macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine shown to promote tumorigenesis. Using the N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) model of bladder cancer, we previously showed that MIF knockout mice display decreased angiogenesis and invasion compared with wild-type. This study examines the role of MIF in bladder cancer via use of oral inhibitors of MIF.