Idiopathic polyhydramnios: persistence across gestation and impact on pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose: To investigate the likelihood of resolution of idiopathic polyhydramnios in pregnant women and compare outcomes between resolved and persistent cases.

Methods: One hundred and sixty-three women with idiopathic polyhydramnios who delivered at two medical centers during a 3 year period (January 2012-January 2015) were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included congenital fetal anomalies, maternal diabetes, isoimmunization, fetal infection, placental tumors or anomalies, and multiple gestation.

Bacterial growth at the high concentrations of magnesium sulfate found in martian soils.

The martian surface environment exhibits extremes of salinity, temperature, desiccation, and radiation that would make it difficult for terrestrial microbes to survive. Recent evidence suggests that martian soils contain high concentrations of MgSO₄ minerals. Through warming of the soils, meltwater derived from subterranean ice-rich regolith may exist for an extended period of time and thus allow the propagation of terrestrial microbes and create significant bioburden at the near surface of Mars.