A decade of nitrous oxide (NO) monitoring in full-scale wastewater treatment processes: A critical review.

Direct nitrous oxide (NO) emissions during the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes can significantly increase the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operations. Recent onsite measurement of NO emissions at WWTPs have been used as an alternative to the controversial theoretical methods for the NO calculation. The full-scale NO monitoring campaigns help to expand our knowledge on the NO production pathways and the triggering operational conditions of processes.

Surface water filtration using granular media and membranes: A review.

Significant growth of the human population is expected in the future. Hence, the pressure on the already scarce natural water resources is continuously increasing. This work is an overview of membrane and filtration methods for the removal of pollutants such as bacteria, viruses and heavy metals from surface water.

A review on nitrous oxide (NO) emissions during biological nutrient removal from municipal wastewater and sludge reject water.

Nitrous oxide (NO) is an important pollutant which is emitted during the biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes of wastewater treatment. Since it has a greenhouse effect which is 265 times higher than carbon dioxide, even relatively small amounts can result in a significant carbon footprint. Biological nitrogen (N) removal conventionally occurs with nitrification/denitrification, yet also through advanced processes such as nitritation/denitritation and completely autotrophic N-removal.