Angiotensin receptor blockers modulate the lupus CD4+ T cell epigenome characterized by TNF family-linked signaling.

In systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), environmental effects acting within a permissive genetic background lead to autoimmune dysregulation. Dysfunction of CD4+ T cells contributes to pathology by providing help to autoreactive B and T cells, and CD4+ T cell dysfunction coincides with altered DNA methylation and histone modifications of select gene loci. However, chromatin accessibility states of distinct T cell subsets and mechanisms driving heterogeneous chromatin states across patients remain poorly understood.

Helios and RORγt Treg populations are differentially regulated by MHCII, CD28, and ICOS to shape the intestinal Treg pool.

Foxp3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for intestinal homeostasis. Tregs in the small intestine include Helios thymus-derived Tregs (tTregs) and RORγt Tregs that differentiate in the periphery after antigenic stimulation (pTregs). TCR and costimulatory signals sustain Tregs with effector phenotypes, including those in the intestine, but it is unknown if tTregs and pTregs have similar requirements for these pathways.

Peroxynitrite in the tumor microenvironment changes the profile of antigens allowing escape from cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy often depends on recognition of peptide epitopes by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The tumor microenvironment (TME) is enriched for peroxynitrite (PNT), a potent oxidant produced by infiltrating myeloid cells and some tumor cells. We demonstrate that PNT alters the profile of MHC class I bound peptides presented on tumor cells.