Scoping Review of Ethical Discourse in Global Cleft Surgery Literature.

Background: The ethical discourse regarding the delivery of global surgical care has increased in the 21st century. The aims of this manuscript are to explore the differences in ethical domains in the global cleft surgical literature discussed by authors from high-income countries versus lower-middle-income countries and to elucidate changes in ethical discussions over the last decade.

Methods: A thematic coding analysis was completed using NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis software.

The impact of cognitive flexibility on prospective EFL teachers' critical thinking disposition: the mediating role of self-efficacy.

Critical thinking as one of the key skills for success in the 21st-century has been considered by many scholars in teacher education. This study tries to examine the interaction of critical thinking disposition with two other key characteristics of successful teachers: cognitive flexibility and self-efficacy. To this end, a sample of pre-service English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers was selected for this study.

Iranian and Turkish EFL instructors' Critical Openness, Reflective Skepticism, Innovative Thinking and Accountability: A comparative study.

The increasing interest in Turkish educational programs has led to the increasing interest in educational migration among the younger Iranian generations. Instructors, as the executive part of educational programs, can also play a key role in satisfying students' expectations and educational goals. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the Critical Openness (CO), Reflective Skepticism (RS), innovative thinking (IT), external accountability (EA), and internal accountability (IA) for the Iranian and Turkish English as Foreign Language (EFL) instructors through an online survey with Critical Thinking Theory and the 21st century skill consideration lens.

Scoping Review of Early Intravenous Infiltration and Extravasation Detection Devices.

Failure to promptly detect intravenous (IV) infiltration can often lead to damaging effects, such as necrosis and compartment syndrome, which increase the length of hospital stay and cost of care. Currently, nurses periodically monitor the vascular access device (VAD) site and extremity for symptoms of swelling, blanching, and change in temperature. However, nurses are often unable to monitor the VAD site frequently enough to detect subtle symptoms that may present immediately following an infiltration or extravasation.

Coding Variants of the Gene Are Associated with the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern involving roughly one-tenth of developed countries' populations. The flavin-containing dimethylaniline monooxygenase 3 () gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a toxin in CKD sufferers. This preliminary study aims to evaluate the association between coding region variations of , rs2266782G/A (E158K), rs2266780A/G (E308G), and rs1736557G/A (V257M), and the susceptibility to CKD.