Probing ionic conductivity and electric field screening in perovskite solar cells: a novel exploration through ion drift currents.

It is widely accepted that mobile ions are responsible for the slow electronic responses observed in metal halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices, and strongly influence long-term operational stability. Electrical characterisation methods mostly observe complex indirect effects of ions on bulk/interface recombination, struggle to quantify the ion density and mobility, and are typically not able to fully quantify the influence of the ions upon the bulk and interfacial electric fields. We analyse the bias-assisted charge extraction (BACE) method for the case of a screened bulk electric field, and introduce a new characterisation method based on BACE, termed ion drift BACE.

Evaluation of a Regulatory Orientation Guide for Young Entrepreneurs in the Field of Digital Health.

Background: The number of software products in the field of health and medicine increases excessively. Self-tracking, fitness, dose calculation, and analysis of physiological data - apps are popular and commonly used. For young entrepreneurs, it is difficult to recognize and understand the distinction between software as medical product and health software products.

Conjugative Transfer of IncP-9 Catabolic Plasmids Requires a Previously Uncharacterized Gene, , Whose Homologs Are Conserved in Various MPF-Type Plasmids.

Conjugative transfer of bacterial plasmids to recipient cells is often mediated by type IV secretion machinery. Experimental investigations into the minimal gene sets required for efficient conjugative transfer suggest that such gene sets are variable, depending on plasmids. We have been analyzing the conjugative transfer of -derived and IncP-9 plasmids, NAH7 and pWW0, whose conjugation systems belong to the MPF type.

Surface Chemistry and Humidity in Powder Electrostatics: A Comparative Study between Tribocharging and Corona Discharge.

In the present study, the correlation between surface chemical groups and the electrostatic properties of particulate materials was studied. Glass beads were modified to produce OH-, NH-, CN-, and F-functionalized materials. The materials were charged separately both by friction and by conventional corona charging, and the results were compared.