Gut microbiome dysbiosis is not associated with portal vein thrombosis in patients with end-stage liver disease: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). The portal vein in ESLD patients is proposedly an inflammatory vascular bed due to translocation of endotoxins and cytokines from the gut. We hypothesized that a pro-inflammatory gut microbiome and elevated trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a driver of thrombosis, may contribute to PVT development.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation and cirrhotic coagulopathy: overlap and differences. The current state of knowledge. Communication from the SSC of the ISTH.

Patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) have decreasing plasma levels of coagulation factors and platelet counts with increased levels of D-dimer. Standard laboratory tests are used clinically to diagnose DIC and quantify the severity of the disease. In patients with cirrhosis, liver-derived plasma coagulation factor levels are reduced due to decreased hepatic synthesis, further exacerbated by extravascular redistribution of these proteins, causing prolongation of routine diagnostic coagulation tests.