Vulva Self-Image and Sexual Function After Female External Genital Plastic Surgery.

Introduction: Female external genital plastic surgery (vulvoplasty) is among the most performed aesthetic surgeries in Brazil. Vulva self-image can be defined as women's perception of their vulva and is usually related to sexual function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact and interrelationship of female external genital plastic surgery on self-image and sexual function.

Squash vein yellowing virus from California emerged in the Middle East via intragenic and intergeneric recombination events in the hypervariable potyvirus P1 and ipomovirus P1a genes.

We present the complete sequence of the genomic RNA of an isolate of squash vein yellowing virus () from California (SqVYV-CA) and show it is a recombinant virus with a highly divergent 5' UTR and proximal P1a gene. The evolution of SqVYV-CA involved an intrageneric event between unknown potyviruses, related to isolates of papaya ringspot virus () from the Old World, and an intergeneric event between this recombinant potyvirus (minor parent) and an isolate of SqVYV from Israel (SqVYV-IL) (major parent). These events occurred in mixed infections and in the potyvirus P1 and ipomovirus P1a recombination hotspots and resulted in SqVYV-CA having a potyvirus 5' UTR and chimeric P1-P1a gene/protein and the remainder of the genome from SqVYV-IL.

Impacts of Increasing Soil Salinity on Genetic Resistance ( Gene)-Based Management of Fusarium Wilt ( f. sp. Race 3) in California Processing Tomatoes.

California is the primary processing tomato () producer in the United States. f. sp.

An all-out assault on a dominant resistance gene: Local emergence, establishment, and spread of strains of tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) that overcome Sw-5b-mediated resistance in fresh market and processing tomatoes in California.

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes substantial economic loss to tomato production, and the Sw-5b resistance gene is widely deployed for management. Here, we show (i) the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) TSWV strains in processing and fresh market tomato production in California over the past ten years, and (ii) evolutionary relationships with RB strains from other areas. A specific RT-PCR test was used to show the C118Y RB strain that emerged in Fresno County in 2016 quickly became predominant in the central production area and remained so through this study.