Expression of cytokeratin 16 in human papillomavirus type 11-infected genital epithelium.

During normal keratinocyte differentiation, a coordinated expression of many cytoskeletal and regulatory proteins occurs. Several studies suggest that expression of some of these proteins is altered in epithelium infected by the human papillomavirus (HPV). To examine protein expression, human foreskin tissue was infected with either the low-risk HPV type 11 or with HPV 83, a high-risk type.

Nucleotide sequence and characterization of human papillomavirus type 83, a novel genital papillomavirus.

Studies of human papillomaviruses (HPV) are hampered by the lack of a conventional culture system, because HPV completes its life cycle only in fully differentiated human tissue. To overcome this obstacle, the athymic mouse xenograft system has been used to study the pathogenesis of a limited number of HPV types. We recently reported the propagation of a novel HPV type in the mouse xenograft system and the cloning of its genome.

A human papillomavirus related to human papillomavirus MM7/LVX82 produces distinct histological abnormalities in human foreskin implants grown as athymic mouse xenografts.

Studies of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are hampered by the lack of a conventional culture system because HPV completes its life cycle only in fully differentiated human tissue. To overcome this obstacle, the athymic mouse xenograft system has been used to study the pathogenesis of HPV 11 and to develop neutralizing assays for vaccine development. Recently, HPV 40 has been produced in this system, and HPV 16 has been produced using mice with severe combined immune deficiency.

Expression of the human papillomavirus type 11 E5A protein from the E1E4,E5 transcript.

The abundant human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV 11) E1E4,E5 transcript potentially encodes the E1E4,E5a and E5b proteins. It is not known if either of the E5 proteins are expressed from this transcript. For HPV 16, E5 is a single open reading frame (ORF), and the E5 protein is expressed from an unspliced E2,E5 transcript but not from the spliced E1E4,E5 transcript.

High-grade dysplasia in genital warts from two patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Cancer-associated human papillomavirus (HPV) types are detected in genital warts removed from immunosuppressed individuals more commonly than from those occurring in otherwise healthy individuals. The prognosis of genital warts containing cancer-associated HPV types is not known. Because it is assumed that genital warts are benign lesions, they are usually treated by destructive therapies without prior knowledge of histopathology.