N-acetyl cysteine inhibits IL-1α release from murine keratinocytes induced by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.

The hydrophilic compound 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is a major component of dental bonding materials, and it enhances the binding of resin-composites to biomolecules. However, HEMA is a well-known contact sensitizer. We reported previously that intradermal injection of HEMA induces the production of IL-1 locally in the skin.

Holocarboxylase synthetase knockout is embryonic lethal in mice.

Holocarboxylase synthetase (HLCS) catalyzes the biotinylation of five distinct biotin-dependent carboxylases and perhaps chromatin proteins. HLCS deficiency causes multiple carboxylase deficiency which results in fatal consequences unless patients are diagnosed early and treated with pharmacological doses of biotin. The objective of this study was to develop an HLCS conditional knockout (KO) mouse and assess effects of HLCS knockout on embryo survival.

Differential expression of CD11c defines two types of tissue-resident macrophages with different origins in steady-state salivary glands.

Gland macrophages are primed for gland development and functions through interactions within their niche. However, the phenotype, ontogeny, and function of steady-state salivary gland (SG) macrophages remain unclear. We herein identified CD11c and CD11c subsets among CD64 macrophages in steady-state murine SGs.

Association between Serum Biotin Levels and Cedar Pollinosis in Japanese Schoolchildren.

Biotin is a water-soluble B complex vitamin and coenzyme of five types of carboxylase and plays crucial roles in fatty acid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. Nutritional biotin deficiency and defective enzymes essential for biotin metabolism cause inflammatory diseases such as eczema-like dermatitis and Crohn's disease; however, little is known about the pathophysiological roles of biotin. This study investigated the relationship between biotin metabolism and human allergic sensitization and diseases by measuring serum levels of biotin, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and allergen-specific IgEs in more than 400 Japanese schoolchildren aged 6 to 12.

Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates and lipopolysaccharide mutually augment inflammation via adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mediated and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-mediated production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

Among the bisphosphonates (BPs), nitrogen-containing BPs (N-BPs) have much stronger anti-bone-resorptive actions than non-N-BPs. However, N-BPs have various side effects such as acute influenza-like reactions after their initial administration and osteonecrosis of the jawbones after repeated administration. The mechanisms underlying such effects remain unclear.