Impact of time to treatment initiation on the development of cachexia and clinical outcomes in lung cancer.

Background: Pre-cancer onset of cachexia raises uncertainties regarding the optimal timing for early intervention in lung cancer patients. We aimed to examine changes in physical function, nutritional status, and cachexia incidence in patients with lung cancer from the initial visit to treatment initiation and determine the effect of these changes on lung cancer treatment.

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study enrolled patients suspected of having advanced lung cancer who visited Kansai Medical University Hospital between January and February 2023 and were definitely diagnosed with the disease.

Diversity of TCR repertoire predicts recurrence after CRT followed by durvalumab in patients with NSCLC.

Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by durvalumab is standard for unresectable locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). This study assesses how CRT alters the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in CD8 + PD-1 + T-cells and its impact on clinical outcomes. This prospective study, conducted from November 2019 to May 2021 at three institutions in Japan, evaluated the diversity of TCR repertoire (DE50) in PD-1 + CD8 + T-cells and CD8 + T-cell phenotypes in peripheral blood before and after CRT.

Shorter incubation period in symptomatic measles patients who had no history of measles vaccination.

In February 2024, a 22-year-old Japanese resident of Osaka Prefecture was diagnosed with measles in the PCR test. He had flown from Dubai to Osaka Kansai International Airport. We finally detected 13 incident measles cases identified as infected by the index case and collected data on these individuals to evaluate the association between vaccination and incubation period.

Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Combination With Chemotherapy for Extensive Small Cell Lung Cancer: Real-World Evidence.

Introduction: Extensive small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) are currently managed using first-line chemotherapy options, including atezolizumab (Atezo) plus etoposide and carboplatin (CE) or durvalumab (Durva) plus etoposide with either cisplatin (PE) or carboplatin (CE). However, a definitive distinction in therapeutic effects between Atezo and Durva in these regimens remains unestablished.

Methods: We analyzed data from 100 patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as first-line chemotherapy.

Comparative Study on Associations Between Lung Cancer Prognosis and Diagnostic Criteria Set by the European Palliative Care Research Collaboration and the Asian Working Group for Cachexia.

Background: Cachexia is a poor prognostic factor in many advanced cancers. Cachexia diagnostic criteria of the European Palliative Care Research Collaboration (EPCRC) may underestimate cachexia in Asians; therefore, new criteria have been proposed by the Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC). We compared both criteria to determine differences in diagnostic rates and their association with lung cancer prognosis.