[Laparoscopic examination of non-palpable testis].

Background: Approximately 20% of undescended testes are impalpable. They can be located intraabdominally, in the inguinal canal, in ectopic position, or they can be missing. Traditionally, surgical groin exploration has been carried out in such cases, sometimes followed by laparotomy if no testis or spermatic cord could be found in the groin.

[Multiple injuries in children].

Multiple injuries do not occur very often in children, but are important because children's general reaction to trauma is different from that of adults. This is due to the anatomic and physiological differences between children and adults, and because some injuries in children differ considerably from similar injuries in adults. It is important to know these facts, even if the methods used for resuscitation and immediate follow-up are much the same in children as in adults.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: determination of the optimal time for operation by echocardiographic monitoring of the pulmonary arterial pressure.

Preoperative stabilization and delayed operation rather than emergency repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) may improve survival, but there are no clear criteria for how long operation should be delayed. Because increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) may be an important risk factor, we used Doppler echocardiography to study patients with CDH presenting with respiratory distress immediately after birth. During the study period 10 patients were admitted, but 2 were moribund on admission and died shortly thereafter.

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous cefetamet and oral cefetamet pivoxil in children.

The pharmacokinetics of cefetamet were determined after intravenous (i.v.) administration of cefetamet and oral administration of cefetamet pivoxil syrup to patients between the ages of 3 and 12 years.

Free periosteal grafts in tracheal reconstruction: an experimental study.

If resection followed by end-to-end anastomosis is not possible in obstructive lesions of the trachea other methods of reconstruction must be used. The ability of a periosteal graft to induce bone or cartilage formation when transplanted to cover a tracheal defect was confirmed in a previous experimental study. In this study free tibial periosteal grafts were used for repair of tracheal defects created in rabbits.