Hyperreactive B cells instruct their elimination by T cells to curb autoinflammation and lymphomagenesis.

B cell immunity carries the inherent risk of deviating into autoimmunity and malignancy, which are both strongly associated with genetic variants or alterations that increase immune signaling. Here, we investigated the interplay of autoimmunity and lymphoma risk factors centered around the archetypal negative immune regulator TNFAIP3/A20 in mice. Counterintuitively, B cells with moderately elevated sensitivity to stimulation caused fatal autoimmune pathology, while those with high sensitivity did not.

Factors associated with surgical refusal and non-surgical candidacy in stage 1 kidney cancer: a National Cancer Database (NCDB) analysis.

Introduction: We aim to identify factors associated with surgical refusal and non-surgical candidacy in clinical stage I kidney masses and to evaluate their impact on overall survival (OS).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Cancer Database of patients with clinical stage I kidney cancer between 2004 and 2017. Logistic regression was used to determine baseline sociodemographic-, clinical-, and treatment facility-related factors associated with surgical refusal and non-surgical candidacy.

An autoreactive T cell's perception of a land of plenty.

Understanding the nature of human autoantigen-specific CD4 T cells is limited by the difficulty of characterizing these cells ex vivo. In this issue of Immunity, Saggau et al. use ARTE technology to profile CD4 T cells specific to disease-relevant autoantigens and find that such cells develop an exhausted phenotype that includes FOXP3 expression and persist for extended periods of time.