Background: Clinical practice guidelines recommend the Lateralization Index (LI) as the standard for determining surgical eligibility in primary aldosteronism (PA). Our goal was to identify the optimal LI cut-offs in adrenal venous sampling (AVS) for diagnosing PA that is amenable to surgical cure.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective international cohort study across 16 institutions in 11 countries, including 1,550 patients with PA who underwent AVS, with and/or without ACTH stimulation.
Background: Current guidelines and consensus documents recommend withdrawal of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) before primary aldosteronism (PA) subtyping by adrenal vein sampling (AVS), but this practice can cause severe hypokalemia and uncontrolled high blood pressure. Our aim was to investigate if unilateral PA can be identified by AVS during MRA treatment.
Methods: We compared the rate of unilateral PA identification between patients with and without MRA treatment in large data sets of patients submitted to AVS while off renin-angiotensin system blockers and β-blockers.
Menopause is a state of estrogen deficiency that affects numerous estrogen-dependent tissues in the female body. Skin is one of the most affected organs. Many consider menopausal skin changes to be merely an aesthetic problem; however, they can significantly affect women's quality of life.
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