High success rate of nocturnal enuresis treatment during the stay-home period for COVID-19.

Objectives: To clarify whether enuresis treatment was more effective during the stay-home period for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, when restrictions on activities enabled patients to concentrate on treatment.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, nonrandomized cohort study for monosymptomatic enuresis during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (March-June 2020) and a 2-year comparator period (March-June 2018 and March-June 2019). Primary outcome was treatment response, defined as a change in the number of wet nights per week within 6 months following enrollment.

Live attenuated vaccine efficacy six months after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for Kawasaki disease.

Background: Due to the presence of maternal passive antibodies, the measles vaccine is ineffective if administered before age 12-15 months. The optimal timing for administering a live attenuated vaccine (LAV) after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG) for Kawasaki disease (KD) has not been fully investigated. The recommended interval between vaccination and IVIG therapy for KD differs by country.

Pertussis Epidemic in Lower-Grade Schoolchildren Without Preschool Vaccination Boosters.

We investigated the characteristics of patients with pertussis who did not receive preschool vaccination boosters. Fifteen patients with laboratory-confirmed pertussis and 29 pertussis-negative patients were compared. All pertussis-positive patients, but only 17% of pertussis-negative patients, were elementary school age and older.

Effectiveness of inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in the 2015/2016 season as assessed in both a test-negative case-control study design and a traditional case-control study design.

Unlabelled: Both traditional case-control studies (TCCSs) and test-negative case-control studies (TNCCSs) are commonly used to assess influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE). To compensate for the fact that observational studies are susceptible to bias, we combined both methods to assess VE in one geographical area during the 2015/2016 season, when influenza A (H1N1)pdm was dominant. Our TNCCS covered 331 children aged 6 months to 15 years who visited our hospital with fever, including 182 with influenza, and our TCCS covered 812 pediatric outpatients aged 6 months to 15 years, including 214 with influenza.

Sedation protocol with fasting and shorter sleep leads to magnetic resonance imaging success.

Background: Young children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) require sedation. In June 2013, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital (TMOH) introduced an oral sedation protocol for young children undergoing MRI; the protocol included instructions on fasting before sedation, and recommended a shorter duration of sleep the night before MRI. We compared the MRI success rate before and after the introduction of this protocol.