Future increase in compound soil drought-heat extremes exacerbated by vegetation greening.

Compound soil drought and heat extremes are expected to occur more frequently with global warming, causing wide-ranging socio-ecological repercussions. Vegetation modulates air temperature and soil moisture through biophysical processes, thereby influencing the occurrence of such extremes. Global vegetation cover is broadly expected to increase under climate change, but it remains unclear whether vegetation greening will alleviate or aggravate future increases in compound soil drought-heat events.

Automated Detection of Drusenoid Pigment Epithelial Detachments From Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients With AMD.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an algorithm for automated detection of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachments (DPEDs) in optical coherence tomography (OCT) volumes of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to compare its performance against traditional reading center grading on color-fundus photographs (CFPs).

Methods: Eyes with a range of AMD severities, excluding neovascular disease, were imaged using spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) and paired CFPs and were followed annually for up to 5 years. DPEDs were automatically identified by segmenting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane (BM) layers from the SD-OCT volumes and imposing both a minimum RPE BM height (>75 µm) and a two-dimensional length requirement (>433 µm).

Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Geographic Atrophy Progression: Age-Related Eye Diseases Study 2 Report 34.

Purpose: To examine potential relationships between alcohol consumption and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression, including progression to late AMD and geographic atrophy (GA) enlargement rate.

Design: Post hoc analysis of cohorts within the Age-Related Eye Diseases Study 2.

Participants: A total of 6670 eyes (of 3673 participants) with no late AMD at baseline; 1143 eyes (of 841 participants) with GA at ≥2 consecutive visits.

Evidence for widespread thermal acclimation of canopy photosynthesis.

Plants acclimate to temperature by adjusting their photosynthetic capacity over weeks to months. However, most evidence for photosynthetic acclimation derives from leaf-scale experiments. Here we address the scarcity of evidence for canopy-scale photosynthetic acclimation by examining the correlation between maximum photosynthetic rates (A) and growth temperature ( ) across a range of concurrent temperatures and canopy foliage quantity, using data from >200 eddy covariance sites.

Mimicking the Architecture and Dissolution Chemistry of Cancellous Bone Tissue to Optimize the Biocompatibility of Bioactive Scaffolds.

Synthesis of mechanically stable porous scaffolds with an architecture analogous to cancellous bone tissue poses significant challenges to bioactive glass (BG) based scaffolds. This is primarily due to densification and crystallization of the BG's during heat treatment. This study presents a modified BG series (42SiO-xTiO-24NaO-21CaO-13PO, where x = 8 and 16 TiO).