Ubiquitin-mediated recruitment of the ATG9A-ATG2 lipid transfer complex drives clearance of phosphorylated p62 aggregates.

Autophagy is an essential cellular recycling process that maintains protein and organelle homeostasis. ATG9A vesicle recruitment is a critical early step in autophagy to initiate autophagosome biogenesis. The mechanisms of ATG9A vesicle recruitment are best understood in the context of starvation-induced non-selective autophagy, whereas less is known about the signals driving ATG9A vesicle recruitment to autophagy initiation sites in the absence of nutrient stress.

Atypical Neural Responses to Native and Non-Native Language in Infants at High Likelihood for Developing Autism.

Background: Language difficulties are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. Amongst infant siblings of children with an ASD diagnosis - who are at higher likelihood for developing ASD - a high proportion also show difficulties and delays in language acquisition.

Methods: In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine atypicalities associated with language processing in 9-month-old infants at high (HL) and typical (TL) familial likelihood for ASD.

Evaluation of the Clinical Safety of the Low-Cost Warburg Therapy for the Treatment of Patients With Advanced Cancers.

Background: Rising cancer care costs are becoming cost prohibitive for lower income people worldwide. We developed the Warburg protocol as a low-cost option for the treatment of cancer that was inspired. It was developed to exploit an Achilles heel which is a hallmark of cancer cells; the metabolic requirement for higher levels of glucose than normal cells.

Bias in control selection associated with the use of rapid tests in influenza vaccine effectiveness studies.

In test-negative design studies that use rapid tests to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) a common concern is case/control misclassification due to imperfect test sensitivity and specificity. However, an imperfect test can also fail to exclude from the control group people that do not represent the source population, including people infected with other influenza types or other vaccine-preventable respiratory viruses for which vaccination status is correlated. We investigated these biases by comparing the effectiveness of seasonal 2023/24 influenza vaccination against influenza A and B based on PCR versus rapid test results, excluding controls who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or the other type of influenza.