Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Patients Aged 90 Years and Older with Proximal Femoral Fractures Undergoing Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

Proximal femoral fractures (PFFs) among individuals aged ≥90 years are becoming more common with an aging population and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study analyzed the prognostic factors influencing survival in nonagenarian patients undergoing surgery for PFFs. We enrolled 285 patients who underwent surgery between 2016 and 2022.

Pemafibrate Induces a Low Level of PPARα Agonist-Stimulated mRNA Expression of ANGPTL4 in ARPE19 Cell.

To elucidate the unidentified roles of a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, pemafibrate (Pema), on the pathogenesis of retinal ischemic diseases (RID)s, the pharmacological effects of Pema on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is involved in the pathogenesis of RID, were compared with the pharmacological effects of the non-fibrate PPARα agonist GW7647 (GW). For this purpose, the human RPE cell line ARPE19 that was untreated (NT) or treated with Pema or GW was subjected to Seahorse cellular metabolic analysis and RNA sequencing analysis. Real-time cellular metabolic function analysis revealed that pharmacological effects of the PPARα agonist actions on essential metabolic functions in RPE cells were substantially different between Pema-treated cells and GW-treated cells.

RHO-Associated Coiled-Coil-Containing Protein Kinase Inhibitors Significantly Modulate the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced by TGF-β2 in the 2-D and 3-D Cultures of Human Corneal Stroma Fibroblasts.

Background/objectives: The objective of the present study was to examine the unidentified effects that RHO-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 and 2 antagonists exert on the transforming growth factor beta2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of the human corneal stroma.

Methods: In the presence or absence of pan-RHO-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase inhibitors, ripasudil or Y27632 and RHO-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2 inhibitor, KD025, we analyzed the following: (1) planar proliferation caused by trans-endothelial electrical resistance and the cellular metabolic characteristics of the two-dimensional cultures of human corneal stroma fibroblasts; (2) the physical properties of a three-dimensional human corneal stroma fibroblasts spheroid; and (3) the gene expressions and their regulators in the extracellular matrix, along with the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and matrix metalloproteinases and the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related factors of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultures in human corneal stroma fibroblasts.

Results: Exposure to 5 nM of the transforming growth factor beta2 markedly increased the trans-endothelial electrical resistance values as well as the metabolic function in two-dimensional cultures of human corneal stroma fibroblasts.

Effects of linsitinib on M22 and IGF:1-treated 3D spheroids of human orbital fibroblasts.

To elucidate the role of IGF1R inhibition in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO), the effects of linsitinib (Lins) on a recombinant human TSHR antibody (M22) and IGF1 to activate TSHR and IGF1R of human orbital fibroblasts (HOFs) obtained from patients without GO (HOFs) and patients with GO (GHOFs) were studied using in vitro three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models in addition to their 2D planar cell culture. For this purpose, we evaluated 1) cellular metabolic functions by using a seahorse bioanalyzer (2D), 2) physical properties including size and stiffness of 3D spheroids, and mRNA expression of several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, their modulators (CCL2 LOX, CTGF, MMPs), ACTA2 and inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6). Administration of IGF1 and M22 induced increases of cellular metabolic functions with the effect on HOFs being much more potent than the effect on GHOFs, suggesting that IGF1R and TSHR of GHOFs may already be stimulated.