Relationship between abnormal P-wave axis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mortality in the general population.

Background: It is unclear whether the presence of a vertical P-wave axis on electrocardiogram modifies the association of COPD with mortality.

Objective: To examine the association and interaction of abnormal P-wave axis and COPD with mortality.

Study Design And Methods: The analysis included 7359 with ECG data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) who were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at enrollment.