Quantum key distribution implemented with d-level time-bin entangled photons.

High-dimensional photon states (qudits) are pivotal to enhance the information capacity, noise robustness, and data rates of quantum communications. Time-bin entangled qudits are promising candidates for implementing high-dimensional quantum communications over optical fiber networks with processing rates approaching those of classical telecommunications. However, their use is hindered by phase instability, timing inaccuracy, and low scalability of interferometric schemes needed for time-bin processing.

A laboratory perspective on accelerating preparatory processes before earthquakes and implications for foreshock detectability.

Dynamic failure in the laboratory is commonly preceded by many foreshocks which accompany premonitory aseismic slip. Aseismic slip is also thought to govern earthquake nucleation in nature, yet, foreshocks are rare. Here, we examine how heterogeneity due to different roughness, damage and pore pressures affects premonitory slip and acoustic emission characteristics.

Stop the Bleed® in medical schools: Early advocacy and promising results.

Objective: We hypothesized that medical students would be empowered by hemorrhage-control training and would support efforts to include Stop the Bleed® (STB) in medical education.

Design: This is a multi-institution survey study. Surveys were administered immediately following and 6 months after the course.

Climate amelioration, abrupt vegetation recovery, and the dispersal of in Baikal Siberia.

The dispersal of in Siberia and Mongolia occurred by 45 to 40 thousand years (ka) ago; however, the climatic and environmental context of this event remains poorly understood. We reconstruct a detailed vegetation history for the Last Glacial period based on pollen spectra from Lake Baikal. While herb and shrub taxa including and dominated throughout most of this period, coniferous forests rapidly expanded during Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events 14 (55 ka ago) and 12 to 10 (48 to 41 ka ago), with the latter presenting the strongest signal for coniferous forest expansion and trees, indicating remarkably humid conditions.

100 W, tunable in-band thulium fiber amplifier pumped by incoherently combined 1.9 µm fiber lasers.

We detail the design and performance of a high efficiency in-band pumped thulium fiber amplifier operating at the 100 W level. Using a novel pumping architecture based on three incoherently combined thulium fiber oscillators at 1904 nm and a seed laser tunable from 1970-1990 nm, efficient amplification is demonstrated in a high dopant concentration 25/65/250 µm thulium fiber. Here we use the 65 µm pedestal surrounding the core as a pump cladding to increase the cladding to core overlap and improve the overall pump absorption.