Ten-year trends in prevalence of Down syndrome in a developing country: impact of the maternal age and prenatal screening.

Objective: This study examines trends in total and live birth prevalence of trisomy 21 (T21) with regard to increasing maternal age and the introduction of prenatal diagnosis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Method: The prenatal detection was introduced in January 2008 in 3 hospitals and assessed until December 31, 2015. In this study, 99 fetuses and 330 babies were diagnosed with T21 in the studied period.

Some behavioral effects of CNQX AND NBQX, AMPA receptor antagonists.

CNQX (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) and NBQX (2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline), two competitive AMPA (non-NMDA glutamate) receptor antagonists, as well as their interaction with CGP 37849, a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, were studied in rats and mice. CNQX and NBQX inhibited the locomotor activity of naive rats. No symptoms of behavioral excitation were observed.

Cerebral oligemic hypoxia and iron toxicity in the mesolimbic system of rats.

60 min of bilateral clamping of the carotid arteries (BCCA) in pentobarbital anaesthetized adult Wistar rats increases the lipid peroxidation in hippocampal tissue as estimated four weeks later. 1.5 micrograms FeCl3 in 2 microliters buffer injected unilaterally in the ventrolateral striatum enforced the effect when applicated one week after the BCCA treatment.

Injection of a minuscule dose of FeCl3 within the ventrolateral striatum causes a chronic disturbance of the integrative function within the limbic part of the ventral striatum.

The present study shows that low amounts of applied iron have a potent effect on the ventrolateral striatum. This is reflected by an influence on spontaneous night activity, cognitive behaviour during the water maze navigation task, exploratory activity and in response to postsynaptic apomorphine stimulation. Such functional disturbances could be observed up to months after a single application of either 0.