Risk of Obesity Among Children Aged 2-6 Years Who Had Prolonged Screen Time in Taiwan: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of obesity in preschool children with prolonged screen time in Taiwan.

Methods: Using a nationwide survey with random sampling, we collected information on 8378 preschool children aged 2-6 years among 206 preschools in Taiwan from 2016 to 2019. Socioeconomic data, body mass index, and lifestyle of the preschool children and their caregivers were compared among the groups of preschool children who had moderate and prolonged daily screen time.

Embolic occlusion of internal carotid artery in conscious rats: Immediate effects of cerebral ischemia.

In most preclinical models of focal ischemic stroke, vascular occlusion is performed under general anesthesia. However, anesthetic agents exert confounding effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), cerebrovascular tone, oxygen demand, and neurotransmitter receptor transduction. Moreover, the majority of studies do not use a blood clot, which more fully models embolic stroke.

Brain water as a function of age and weight in normal rats.

Rats are frequently used for studying water content of normal and injured brain, as well as changes in response to various osmotherapeutic regimens. Magnetic resonance imaging in humans has shown that brain water content declines with age as a result of progressive myelination and other processes. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in brain water content during rat development and aging.

Effects of Volume Replacement for Urinary Losses from Mannitol Diuresis on Brain Water in Normal Rats.

Background/objective: It is frequently recommended that urine output following perioperative mannitol administration be replaced 1:1 with an isotonic crystalloid solution. It is possible that this strategy could increase brain water by reducing the serum osmolality achieved with prior mannitol administration. Therefore, brain water content of rats treated with mannitol alone or mannitol plus normal saline (NS) was studied over a range of urinary replacement ratios.

Refinement of embolic stroke model in rats: Effect of post-embolization anesthesia duration on arterial blood pressure, cerebral edema and mortality.

Background: Injection of a clot into the internal carotid artery is an experimental model of ischemic stroke that is considered to closely mimic embolic stroke in humans. In this model, the common carotid artery typically remains temporarily occluded to permit time for stabilization of the clot in the middle cerebral artery. However, the associated lengthening of the anesthesia duration could affect arterial blood pressure and stroke outcome.