Concussion and depressive symptoms in high school students: impact of physical activity and substance use.

Objective: To investigate the association between concussion history and depressive symptoms after adjusting for physical activity, substance use, and illicit drug use.

Methods: We analysed data from the Adolescent Behaviour and Experiences Survey, a nationally representative survey of adolescents in the USA. Our independent variables were history of concussion in the 12 months preceding survey completion; self-reported weekly physical activity (days per week with >60 min of physical activity, 0-7 scale); substance use over the past 30 days (yes vs no) and illicit drug use throughout lifetime (yes vs no).

Long-term neurobehavioral and neuroimaging outcomes in athletes with prior concussion(s) and head impact exposure.

The long-term health of former athletes with a history of multiple concussions and/or repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure has been of growing interest among the public. The true proportion of dementia cases attributable to neurotrauma and the neurobehavioral profile/sequelae of multiple concussion and RHI exposure among athletes has been difficult to determine. Across three exposure paradigms (i.

Tumor-induced rotational vertebral artery occlusion in the upper cervical spine: illustrative case.

Background: Rotational vertebral artery occlusion, or bow hunter's syndrome (BHS), is a rare but clinically important cause of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Extrinsic compression of the artery is usually caused by osteophytes, fibrous bands, or lateral disc herniation and typically occurs in the setting of anatomical variations, leading to dynamic compromise of the posterior circulation. Neoplastic causes of BHS are rare.

Purification and Reconstitution of Ilyobacter tartaricus ATP Synthase.

F-type Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase is a membrane-bound macromolecular complex, which is responsible for the synthesis of ATP, the universal energy source in living cells. This enzyme uses the proton- or sodium-motive force to power ATP synthesis by a unique rotary mechanism and can also operate in reverse, ATP hydrolysis, to generate ion gradients across membranes. The FF-ATP synthases from bacteria consist of eight different structural subunits, forming a complex of ~550 kDa in size.