The painful eye: neuro-ophthalmic causes.

A physician should have a better appreciation of diseases that can cause significant ocular morbidity and, in some cases, death. This article describes some of the painful eye syndromes associated with ocular, orbital, and intracranial disease. Differential diagnosis, clinical findings, laboratory investigation, and treatment are reviewed.

Basal skull fracture with traumatic polycranial neuropathy and occluded left carotid artery: significance of fractures along the course of the carotid artery.

A patient who survived with traumatic multiple cranial nerve palsies and occluded internal carotid artery associated with a basal skull fracture that involved the carotid canal is described. A literature review indicates that a wide variety of injuries can occur to the carotid artery as it passes through a fractured skull base. Basal fractures involving the course of the carotid artery reflect a significant risk of carotid injury.