Audit and Feedback Interventions for Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: This systematic review evaluates the effect of audit and feedback (A&F) interventions targeting antibiotic prescribing in primary care and examines factors that may explain the variation in effectiveness.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving A&F interventions targeting antibiotic prescribing in primary care were included in the systematic review. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.

Serum and mucosal antibody-mediated protection and identification of asymptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection in community-dwelling older adults in Europe.

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) and reinfects adults throughout life, posing a risk for hospitalization in older adults (>60 years) with frailty and comorbidities.

Methods: To investigate serum and mucosal antibodies for protection against RSV infections, baseline serum samples were compared for RSV-pre- and -post-fusion (F) binding, and RSV-A2 neutralizing IgG antibodies between symptomatic RSV-ARTI ( = 30), non-RSV (RSV negative) ARTI ( = 386), and no ARTI ( = 338). Mucosal RSV-pre-F IgA and IgG levels, as well as serum RSV-G IgG antibodies, were analyzed to determine their association with protection from symptomatic RSV-ARTI in a subset study.

Implementation of a tailored multifaceted antibiotic stewardship intervention to improve antibiotic prescribing for urinary tract infections in frail older adults (ImpresU) in four European countries: a process evaluation alongside a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: We previously performed a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) in general practices and older adult care organizations in Poland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. We found that a multifaceted antibiotic stewardship intervention (ASI) substantially reduced antibiotic use for suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) in frail older adults compared with usual care. We aimed to evaluate the implementation process of the ASI to provide recommendations for clinical practice.

Nasal sprays and behavioural interventions compared with usual care for acute respiratory illness in primary care: a randomised, controlled, open-label, parallel-group trial.

Background: A small amount of evidence suggests that nasal sprays, or physical activity and stress management, could shorten the duration of respiratory infections. This study aimed to assess the effect of nasal sprays or a behavioural intervention promoting physical activity and stress management on respiratory illnesses, compared with usual care.

Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, parallel-group trial was done at 332 general practitioner practices in the UK.

Did aetiology matter in illness duration and complications in patients presenting in primary care with acute respiratory tract infections early in the COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study in nine countries.

Background: Despite considerable research into COVID-19 sequelae, little is known about differences in illness duration and complications in patients presenting in primary care with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections (RTI) that are and are not attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective: To explore whether aetiology impacted course of illness and prediction of complications in patients presenting in primary care with symptoms of RTI early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Between April 2020-March 2021 general practitioners from nine European countries recruited consecutively contacting patients with RTI symptoms.