The emerging challenge of endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: time for innovative treatment approaches.

SUMMARYInfective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection that has nearly doubled in prevalence over the last two decades due to the increase in implantable cardiac devices. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is currently one of the most common cardiac procedures. TAVI usage continues to exponentially rise, inevitability increasing TAVI-IE.

Characterization of Histophilus somni sialic acid uptake mutant (ΔnanP-ΔnanU) using a mouse septicemia and mortality model.

Histophilus somni is an important pathogen of the bovine respiratory disease complex, yet the mechanisms underlying its virulence remain poorly understood. It is known that H. somni can incorporate sialic acid into lipooligosaccharide (LOS), and sialylated H.

Contribution of Hfq to gene regulation and virulence in .

is one of the predominant bacterial pathogens responsible for bovine respiratory and systemic diseases in cattle. Despite the identification of numerous virulence factors, little is known about the regulation of such factors. The post-transcriptional regulatory protein Hfq may play a crucial role in regulation of components that affect bacterial virulence.

Bovine Airway Models: Approaches for Investigating Bovine Respiratory Disease.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial condition where different genera of bacteria, such as , , , and , and viruses, like bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpes virus-1, infect the lower respiratory tract of cattle. These pathogens can co-infect cells in the respiratory system, thereby making specific treatment very difficult. Currently, the most common models for studying BRD include a submerged tissue culture (STC), where monolayers of epithelial cells are typically covered either in cellular or spent biofilm culture medium.