Detection of inertial effects in capillary flows in open and closed channels.

The Lucas-Washburn-Rideal law is commonly applied to describe capillary flow dynamics in closed or open channels, microporous media, such as paper pads and fiber threads or even granulous soil. It assumes a viscous flow regime where capillary forces are counteracted by friction with the solid structure, a valid assumption given the small flow velocities and device dimensions. However, scenarios exist outside the viscous regime, where inertial effects become significant, meaning capillary and friction forces do not fully balance.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor regulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative enzyme gene expression.

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) catalyzes a pivotal reaction in mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) beta-oxidation. To examine the potential role of FAs and their metabolites in the regulation of MCAD gene expression, we measured MCAD mRNA levels in animals fed inhibitors of mitochondrial long-chain FA import. Administration of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibitors to mice or rats resulted in tissue-limited increases in steady-state MCAD mRNA levels.

A missense mutation in the beta myosin heavy chain gene is a predictor of premature sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM) is an autosomal dominant disease with protean clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to that of severe heart failure or sudden death. There is no known parameter in individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) that predicts a specific clinical event. This is particularly troublesome for premature sudden death that frequently occurs in young athletes without prior symptoms.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 activates medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene transcription by interacting with a complex regulatory element.

We have recently identified a complex transcriptional regulatory element in the medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) gene promoter region that confers response to retinoids through interaction with receptors for all-trans-retinoic acid (RARs) and 9-cis-retinoic acid (RXRs) (Raisher, B. D., Gulick, T.