Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds for Physiological Roles, Plant Species Delimitation, and Medical Benefits: A Promising View.

Flavonoids and other phenolic constituents are a large group of plant metabolites that have long attracted interest from researchers worldwide due to their functions in plant physiology, as well as their huge number of benefits for human health and well-being. This review attempts to reveal a promising view of the major physiological roles of flavonoids and other phenolic phytochemical molecules, e.g.

Phenolic compounds from the aerial parts of in Japan, and their antioxidant activity and chemical adaptation to alpine environment.

Twelve flavonoids (-) including a new flavonol glycoside, hibiscetin 3--glucopyranoside-8--glucuronopyranoside, ten known galloylglucoses (-) and three known phenolic acids (-) were isolated from the aerial parts of growing in Japan. Their chemical structures were elucidated by UV-vis spectra, LC-MS, HR-MS, acid hydrolysis, NMR, and/or HPLC, and TLC comparisons with authentic samples. Antioxidant activity of major 14 compounds was measured by H-ORAC method, and two flavonols, herbacetin 3--glucoside-8--glucuronide, and gossypetin 3--glucuronide-8--glucoside, showed the strongest activity.

Flavonoids from the leaves and stems of Sedum japonicum var. senanense and their antioxidant activity.

Twenty flavonoids (1-20) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Sedum japonicum var. senanense endemic to Japan. Among them, nine compounds were reported in nature for the first time, and identified as herbacetin 3-O-neohesperidoside-8-O-(2‴-acetylxyloside) (2), gossypetin 8-O-(2″-acetylxyloside) (4), gossypetin 8-O-(3″-acetylxyloside) (5), gossypetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-(3‴-acetylxyloside) (9), gossypetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-(2‴,3‴-diacetylxyloside) (10), gossypetin 3-O-neohesperidoside-8-O-xyloside (11), gossypetin 3-O-neohesperidoside-8-O-(2⁗-acetylxyloside) (12), gossypetin 3-O-neohesperidoside-8-O-(3⁗-acetylxyloside) (13) and gossypetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-xylofuranoside (14) by UV spectral survey, HR-MS, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis, NMR including H and C NMR, COSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC.

Floral pigments and their perception by avian pollinators in three Chilean Puya species.

The Chilean Puya species, Puya coerulea var. violacea and P. chilensis bear blue and pale-yellow flowers, respectively, while P.

Flavonoids from subsp. (Crassulaceae).

Twenty-two flavonoids were isolated from the leaves and stems of subsp. (Crassulaceae). Of these compounds, five flavonoids were reported in nature for the first time, and identified as herbacetin 3--xyloside-8--glucoside, herbacetin 3--glucoside-8--(2'''-acetylxyloside), gossypetin 3--glucoside-8--arabinoside, gossypetin 3--glucoside-8--(2'''-acetylxyloside) and hibiscetin 3--glucoside-8--arabinoside via UV, HR-MS, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis and NMR.