Inactivation mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 by ozone in aqueous and gas phases.

The comparison of the inactivation rate of SARS-CoV-2 by ozone in water with that in gas, based on data from references and experiments, has indicated the inactivation rate of the former is remarkably higher than that of the latter. To investigate the reason for this difference, we analyzed the reaction rate using a diffusional reaction model, in which ozone is carried by micro spherical viruses to inactivate the target viruses. Using this model, we can evaluate the amount of ozone required to inactivate a virus based on the ct value.

Spatial optimization of invasive species control informed by management practices.

Optimization of spatial resource allocation is crucial for the successful control of invasive species under a limited budget but requires labor-intensive surveys to estimate population parameters. In this study, we devised a novel framework for the spatially explicit optimization of capture effort allocation using state-space population models from past capture records. We applied it to a control program for invasive snapping turtles to determine effort allocation strategies that minimize the population density over the whole area.

Differential binding of tetrodotoxin and its derivatives to voltage-sensitive sodium channel subtypes (Na 1.1 to Na 1.7).

Background And Purpose: The development of subtype-selective ligands to inhibit voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSCs) has been attempted with the aim of developing therapeutic compounds. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a toxin from pufferfish that strongly inhibits VSSCs. Many TTX analogues have been identified from marine and terrestrial sources, although their specificity for particular VSSC subtypes has not been investigated.

Dosage Adjustment of Dabigatran Etexilate Based on Creatinine Clearance in Patients With Cardioembolic Stroke or Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: A recommendation for dosage adjustment of dabigatran etexilate, a prodrug of dabigatran, seems to be desirable based on creatinine clearance to avoid bleeding and stroke.

Methods: Outpatients and inpatients having a history of cardioembolic stroke or atrial fibrillation were included. After taking dabigatran etexilate orally (75-150 mg twice daily) for at least 1 week, plasma trough concentration (Ctrough, ng/mL) of dabigatran and creatinine clearance (CLcr, mL/min) of patients according to Cockcroft and Gault equation were determined.

Correction: Correlation between Serum Levels of 3,3',5'-Triiodothyronine and Thyroid Hormones Measured by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Immunoassay.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.