An evaluation of the capabilities of language models and nurses in providing neonatal clinical decision support.

Aim: To assess the clinical reasoning capabilities of two large language models, ChatGPT-4 and Claude-2.0, compared to those of neonatal nurses during neonatal care scenarios.

Design: A cross-sectional study with a comparative evaluation using a survey instrument that included six neonatal intensive care unit clinical scenarios.

Regenerating the Injured Spinal Cord at the Chronic Phase by Engineered iPSCs-Derived 3D Neuronal Networks.

Cell therapy using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons is considered a promising approach to regenerate the injured spinal cord (SC). However, the scar formed at the chronic phase is not a permissive microenvironment for cell or biomaterial engraftment or for tissue assembly. Engineering of a functional human neuronal network is now reported by mimicking the embryonic development of the SC in a 3D dynamic biomaterial-based microenvironment.

Ceramide from sphingomyelin hydrolysis induces neuronal differentiation, whereas de novo ceramide synthesis and sphingomyelin hydrolysis initiate apoptosis after NGF withdrawal in PC12 Cells.

Background: Ceramide, important for both neuronal differentiation and dedifferentiation, resides in several membranes, is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial, and nuclear membranes, and can be further processed into glycosphingolipids or sphingomyelin. Ceramide may also be generated by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by neutral or acidic sphingomyelinases in lysosomes and other membranes. Here we asked whether the differing functions of ceramide derived from different origins.

Acute incremental exercise to maximal performance does not cause alterations in serum oxidant levels of healthy young individuals.

Aim: This study was designed to analyze serum oxidative stress (OS) levels in healthy young individuals performing a routine maximal aerobic exercise and to evaluate the correlation between OS levels and physiological parameters.

Methods: Serum OS levels were studied by thermochemiluminescence (TCL) parameters at rest and following maximal aerobic exercise in 85 healthy young subjects. Levels were measured by a real time on line TCL assay (higher TCL-Ratio and TCL-H3 = lower OS level).

Measurement of apoptosis by DNA fragmentation.

Classical apoptotic cell death can be defined by certain morphological and biochemical characteristics that distinguish it from other forms of cell death. One such feature, which is a hallmark of apoptosis, is DNA fragmentation. In dying cells, DNA is cleaved by an endonuclease that fragments the chromatin into nucleosomal units, which are multiples of about 180-bp oligomers and appear as a DNA ladder when run on an agarose gel.