Complete suppression of insulitis and diabetes in NOD mice lacking interferon regulatory factor-1.

Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), a transcriptional factor, regulates type I interferon and interferon-induced genes. It was reported that IRF-1 regulates important molecules required for inflammation and immune reactions. To investigate the role of IRF-1 in the development of autoimmune diabetes, we established IRF-1 deficient (IRF-1(-/-)) non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.

Adjuvant-induced improvement of glucose intolerance in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice through interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

We reported that administration of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) improved glucose tolerance test (GTT) results in obese diabetic KK-Ay mice. In this study, we investigated its mechanism. An injection with CFA remarkably improved GTT for more than a week in KK-Ay mice, although insulin response was not changed compared with saline controls.