The relationship between diet, plasma glucose, and cancer prevalence across vertebrates.

Birds have higher plasma glucose concentrations but lower cancer prevalence than other vertebrates. However, this inverse relationship between glucose and cancer may not hold within vertebrate groups. Given that diet affects blood sugar levels, and carnivores have higher cancer risk than herbivores, we also examined whether diet correlates with plasma glucose concentrations.

A unified and multi-scale source:Pathway priority index for diffuse pollution management.

Diffuse pollution is a global issue where management, particularly relating to phosphorus (P) transfers from agricultural land to water, needs to consider the magnitude of the source pressure and the connectivity of the hydrological pathway pressure. Combined, these pressures are considered as critical source areas (CSAs) and where mitigation resources should be focused as part of landscape targeting. However, data requirements and lack of a unified method have made this difficult to implement at national scales.

Sex Differences in Longitudinal Tau-PET in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease: A Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Alzheimer disease (AD) predominates in females at almost twice the rate relative to males. Mounting evidence in adults without AD indicates that females exhibit higher tau deposition than age-matched males, particularly in the setting of elevated β-amyloid (Aβ), but the evidence for sex differences in tau accumulation rates is inconclusive.

Objective: To examine whether female sex is associated with faster tau accumulation in the setting of high Aβ (as measured with positron emission tomography [PET]) and the moderating influence of sex on the association between APOEε4 carrier status and tau accumulation.

Increasing Prevalence of Occult HBV Infection in Adults Vaccinated Against Hepatitis B at Birth.

Background/objectives: Immunization with the hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective means of preventing acute HBV infection. However, whether the primary vaccination of infants confers lifelong immunity remains controversial. Therefore, the ongoing surveillance of vaccine recipients is required.

Outcomes of Pediatric Patients with Excessive Postural Tachycardia After Attending an Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Program: A Pilot Study.

Background/objectives: Adolescents with autonomic disorders who attend Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment (IIPT) programs report improvements in functioning. However, it is unclear whether they experience corresponding improvements in physiological measures. As such, the aim of this pilot study was to examine changes in physiological measures in youth attending an IIPT program who demonstrated excessive postural tachycardia on an active stand test.