Cold thermopeaking-induced drift of nase larvae.

Unlabelled: Research on how intermittent water releases from hydropower plants affect the early life stages of fish has advanced in the last years, focusing not only on the direct impacts of rapid flow changes (hydropeaking), but also on the short-term fluctuations in water temperature (thermopeaking). Flow and thermal fluctuations caused by hydropeaking may affect fish movement patterns and migration at critical stages of a species' life cycle, e.g.

Increase of intestinal bacterial sialidase activity exacerbates acute colitis in mice.

The availability of endogenous and dietary carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract influences the composition of the gut microbiota. Carbohydrate foraging requires the action of bacterially-encoded glycoside hydrolases, which release mono- and oligosaccharides taken up as carbon sources by multiple microbial taxa. In addition to providing nutrients to the microbiota, the cleavage of host glycans by bacterial glycoside hydrolases may alter the properties of surface glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion and activation processes in the gut lumen.

Intestinal inflammation alters mucosal carbohydrate foraging and monosaccharide incorporation into microbial glycans.

Endogenous carbohydrates released from the intestinal mucus represent a constant source of nutrients to the intestinal microbiota. Mucus-derived carbohydrates can also be used as building blocks in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall components, thereby influencing host mucosal immunity. To assess the uptake of endogenous carbohydrates by gut microbes in healthy mice and during intestinal inflammation, we applied azido-monosaccharides that can be tracked on bacterial cell walls after conjugation with fluorophores.

Use of repellents by travellers: A randomised, quantitative analysis of applied dosage and an evaluation of knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP).

Background: Prevention of arthropod-borne infections hinges on bite prevention. We aimed to investigate travellers' use of repellents.

Methods: We measured the amount of applied repellent with a spray containing 30% DEET and 20% Icaridin versus a lotion with 20% Icaridin alone.

Synergistic Removal of Static and Dynamic Biofilms by Combined Treatment with a Bacteriophage Endolysin and a Polysaccharide Depolymerase.

is an important pathogen and biofilm former. Biofilms cause problems in clinics and food production and are highly recalcitrant to antibiotics and sanitizers. Bacteriophage endolysins kill bacteria by degrading their cell wall and are therefore deemed promising antimicrobials and anti-biofilm agents.