Assessment of association between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of Indonesian patients with high grade bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Introduction: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. One of the treatments that are currently being explored for UC involves the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, especially those targeting PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. This interaction has been previously suggested to aid in the prediction of outcomes.