The perception of major life events across the life course.

To better understand the effects of life events, research interest recently turned to the question of how life events are perceived (e.g., as positive, predictable, or controllable).

Results of health technology assessments of orphan drugs in Germany-lack of added benefit, evidence gaps, and persisting unmet medical needs.

Background: The number of orphan drug (OD) approvals has increased sharply in Europe. In Germany, all ODs are initially subject to a limited assessment after market access. Their added benefit over the standard of care is accepted as established upon EU approval; a regular health technology assessment (HTA) is performed only in certain cases.

How Light at Night Sets the Circalunar Clock in the Marine Midge .

Many organisms inhabiting the interface between land and sea have evolved biological clocks corresponding to the period of the semilunar (14.77 days) or the lunar (29.53 days) cycle.

Increasing outcome measurement precision: Network analysis of items on the Outcome Questionnaire-45.

Psychotherapy outcome research mainly focuses on scale-level changes and constructs that were developed using cross-sectional statistical analysis, possibly concealing important findings on the level of single items, and limiting the clinical utility of outcome scales. Our goal was to explore changes in symptoms, interpersonal problems, and level of functioning in everyday life and to establish groups of items with similar rates of change that could be used to form more coherent targets for measuring different therapeutic outcomes. Triangulated maximally filtered graphs were used to model the network structure of the Outcome Questionnaire-45 in a data set of = 12,075 university counseling center patients.