An integrated approach to coupled nutrient and microbial source tracking in an agricultural watershed.

Estuaries often experience multiple water quality impairments including nitrogen enrichment and elevated fecal pollution. These pollutant sources are often linked and difficult to characterize, especially in multiple use watersheds, hindering the identification of effective mitigation steps. Tillamook Bay (Oregon, USA) has a mixed-use watershed including many potential nutrient and fecal bacteria sources due to agricultural activities, human development, and local wildlife populations.

Feedbacks Between Estuarine Metabolism and Anthropogenic CO Accelerate Local Rates of Ocean Acidification and Hasten Threshold Exceedances.

Attribution of the ocean acidification (OA) signal in estuarine carbonate system observations is necessary for quantifying the impacts of global anthropogenic emissions on water quality, and informing managers of the efficacy of potential mitigation options. We present an analysis of observational data to characterize dynamics and drivers of seasonal carbonate system variability in two seagrass habitats of Puget Sound, WA, USA, and estimate how carbon accumulations due to anthropogenic emissions interact with these drivers of carbonate chemistry to determine seasonally resolved rates of acidification in these habitats. Three independent simulations of accumulation from 1765 to 2100 were run using two previously published methods and one novel method for estimation.

Brain Activation Imaging in Emotional Decision Making and Mental Health: A Review-Part 1.

In part 1 of this article, we describe an approach and methodology that bridges 2 worlds: the internal, subjective experience of emotions and thoughts, and the external world of brain electrical activity. Using a novel event-related brain activation imaging method, we demonstrate that within single trials, short-term mental processes, on the order of 100 ms, can be clearly related to observed brain activation in controlled experiments. We use an ipsative assessment validation process that combines self-report with real-time EEG recordings to provide a combined picture of both the mental and the brain activity, during short-term reactions, emotions, and decisions regarding controlled information.