Green liquid-liquid microextraction for quantification of ketamine and metabolites in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

This study aimed to develop and validate a green method for the detection of ketamine and its metabolites in human urine samples and subsequently determine which metabolite is more suitable for judgment of ketamine abuse. Ketamine and its metabolites were extracted from urine samples with 1-undecanol using liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplet extraction. The extracts were directly analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) without derivatization.

2024 VCP International Conference: Exploring multi-disciplinary approaches from basic science of valosin containing protein, an AAA+ ATPase protein, to the therapeutic advancement for VCP-associated multisystem proteinopathy.

Valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97) is a ubiquitously expressed AAA+ ATPase associated with numerous protein-protein interactions and critical cellular functions including protein degradation and clearance, mitochondrial homeostasis, DNA repair and replication, cell cycle regulation, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, and lysosomal functions including autophagy and apoptosis. Autosomal-dominant missense mutations in the VCP gene may result in VCP-associated multisystem proteinopathy (VCP-MSP), a rare degenerative disorder linked to heterogeneous phenotypes including inclusion body myopathy (IBM) with Paget's disease of bone (PDB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or IBMPFD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), parkinsonism, Charcot-Marie Tooth disease (CMT), and spastic paraplegia. The complexity of VCP-MSP makes collaboration among stakeholders essential and necessitates a multi-disciplinary approach.

The kinase RIPK3 promotes neuronal survival by suppressing excitatory neurotransmission during central nervous system viral infection.

While recent work has identified roles for immune mediators in regulating neural activity, how innate immune signaling within neurons influences neurotransmission remains poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that the modulation of neurotransmission may serve important roles in host protection during infection of the central nervous system. Here, we showed that receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) preserved neuronal survival during flavivirus infection through the suppression of excitatory neurotransmission.

Molecularly-guided spatial proteomics captures single-cell identity and heterogeneity of the nervous system.

Single-cell proteomics is an emerging field with significant potential to characterize heterogeneity within biological tissues. It offers complementary insights to single-cell transcriptomics by revealing unbiased proteomic changes downstream of the transcriptome. Recent advancements have focused on enhancing proteome coverage and depth, mostly in cultured cell lines, and a few recent studies have explored the potential of analyzing tissue micro-samples but were limited to homogenous peripheral tissues.

Arthroscopic Modified McLaughlin Procedure and Posterior Labral Repair in the Lateral Decubitus Position.

Traumatic posterior shoulder dislocations are commonly associated with a posterior labral tear and an impaction fracture involving the anterior humeral head referred to as a reverse Hill-Sachs lesion (RHSL). This humeral defect can engage on the posterior glenoid rim during shoulder cross-body adduction combined with shoulder elevation and may require surgical intervention. Depending on the size of the RHSL relative to the articular arc of the humeral head, traditional open surgical options including transfer of the subscapularis tendon alone, subscapularis transfer with the attached lesser tuberosity into the humeral impaction injury, or reconstruction using allograft for more severe defects have been described.