The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in healthy older adults not at high risk for diabetes (FIND): a randomised controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, but evidence from randomised trials on the benefits of vitamin D supplementation is limited, especially for average-risk populations. The Finnish Vitamin D Trial (FIND) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation at two different doses on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a generally healthy older adult population.

Methods: FIND was a 5 year randomised placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial among 2271 male and female participants aged ≥60 years and ≥65 years, respectively, from a general Finnish population who were free of CVD or cancer and did not use diabetes medications.

Enrichment of sweat-derived extracellular vesicles of human and bacterial origin for biomarker identification.

Sweat contains biomarkers for real-time non-invasive health monitoring, but only a few relevant analytes are currently used in clinical practice. In the present study, we investigated whether sweat-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be used as a source of potential protein biomarkers of human and bacterial origin. By using ExoView platform, electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting we characterized EVs in the sweat of eight volunteers performing rigorous exercise.

Altered excitation-inhibition balance in the primary sensorimotor cortex to proprioceptive hand stimulation in cerebral palsy.

Objective: Our objective was to clarify the primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex excitatory and inhibitory alterations in hemiplegic (HP) and diplegic (DP) cerebral palsy (CP) by quantifying SM1 cortex beta power suppression and rebound with magnetoencephalography (MEG).

Methods: MEG was recorded from 16 HP and 12 DP adolescents, and their 32 healthy controls during proprioceptive stimulation of the index fingers evoked by a movement actuator. The related beta power changes were computed with Temporal Spectral Evolution (TSE).

Functional connectivity of sensorimotor network is enhanced in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy: A multimodal study using fMRI and MEG.

Objective: To assess the effects to functional connectivity (FC) caused by lesions related to spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) in children and adolescents using multiple imaging modalities.

Methods: We used resting state magnetoencephalography (MEG) envelope signals in alpha, beta and gamma ranges and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals to quantify FC between selected sensorimotor regions of interest (ROIs) in 11 adolescents with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy and 24 typically developing controls. Motor performance of the hands was quantified with gross motor, fine motor and kinesthesia tests.

Altered corpus callosum structure in adolescents with cerebral palsy: connection to gait and balance.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disorder in childhood. Recent studies in children with CP have associated weakened sensorimotor performance with impairments in the major brain white-matter (WM) structure, corpus callosum (CC). However, the relationship between CC structure and lower extremity performance, specifically gait and balance, remains unknown.