A Comparative Review of Eugenol and Citral Anticandidal Mechanisms: Partners in Crimes Against Fungi.

is an emerging multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen that causes candidiasis, superficial infections on the mucosa, nails or skin, and life-threatening candidemia in deep tissue when disseminated through the bloodstream. Recently, there has been a sharp rise in resistant strains, posing a considerable clinical challenge for the treatment of candidiasis. There has been a resurged interest in the pharmacological properties of essential oils and their active components, for example, monoterpenes with alcohol (-OH) and aldehyde (-CHO) groups.

CellWall Remodeling in the Absence of Knr4 and Kre6 Revealed by Nano-FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy.

The cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway regulates yeast cell wall biosynthesis, cell division, and responses to external stress. The cell wall, comprised of a dense network of chitin, β-1,3- and β-1,6- glucans, and mannoproteins, is very thin, <100 nm. Alterations in cell wall composition may activate the CWI pathway.

Carvacrol-Induced Vacuole Dysfunction and Morphological Consequences in and .

With the prevalence of systemic fungal infections caused by and non- species and their resistance to classical antifungals, there is an urgent need to explore alternatives. Herein, we evaluate the impact of the monoterpene carvacrol, a major component of oregano and thyme oils, on clinical and laboratory strains of and . Carvacrol induces a wide range of antifungal effects, including the inhibition of growth and hyphal and biofilm formation.

Host Cell Geometry and Cytoskeletal Organization Governs -Host Cell Interactions at the Nanoscale.

is one of the most common opportunistic fungal pathogens in humans. Its adhesion to the host cell is required in parasitic states and is important for pathogenesis. Many studies have shown that there is an increased risk of developing candidiasis when normal tissue barriers are weakened or when immune defenses are compromised, for example, during cancer treatment that induces immunosuppression.

A Simple and Reproducible Stereomicroscopic Method to Assess Fungal Biofilms: Application to Antifungal Susceptibility Testing.

, a well-known opportunistic pathogen, is a major cause of human fungal infections. Biofilm formation is considered an important pathogenesis factor. Biofilms are less sensitive to antibiotics and immune responses, allowing them to colonize and persist in host niches.