Visceral Block in Bariatric Surgery: A Pilot Double Blind Randomized Clinical Study.

Background: Local anesthetics are used in various sites and mechanisms to maximize perioperative analgesia and reduce opioid use and side effects. Pain management in the bariatric setting is challenging and the efficacy of local anesthetics intraoperatively is under current evaluation.

Objectives: To determine the safety and efficacy of a new intra-abdominal anesthetic technique performed during laparoscopic bariatric operations: visceral block.

Mathematical modeling of citric acid production by repeated batch culture.

A mathematical model has been created for the process of citric acid biosynthesis by yeast (mutant strain Yarrowia lipolytica) cultivated by the repeated batch (RB) method on ethanol under conditions of nitrogen limitation. The model accounts for cell growth as a function of nitrogen concentration in the culture liquid; nitrogen uptake by growing cells; citric acid production; pH control in the fermentor by means of NaOH addition; and changes in system volume. The model represents a system of five nonlinear differential equations.

Biosynthesis of citric acid by Yarrowia lipolytica repeat-batch culture on ethanol.

After analysis of batch culture and identification of the ways for prolongation of citric acid active synthesis by yeast, repeat-batch (RB) cultivation was suggested. Yarrowia lipolytica strain RB cultivation was studied and optimal conditions for cultivation selected. It was shown that when applying RB cultivation, better results were obtained than for batch cultivation.