Rare HCV subtypes and retreatment outcomes in a cohort of European DAA-experienced patients.

Background And Aims: Data on the prevalence and characteristics of so-called rare HCV genotypes (GTs) in larger cohorts is limited. This study investigates the frequency of rare GT and resistance-associated substitutions and the efficacy of retreatment in a European cohort.

Methods: A total of 129 patients with rare GT1-6 were included from the European resistance database.

Long-term persistence of HCV resistance-associated substitutions after DAA treatment failure.

Background & Aims: Data on the long-term persistence of HCV resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are limited. This study evaluated the persistence of NS3, NS5A, and NS5B RASs for up to 5 years after the end of treatment (EOT).

Methods: We included samples from 678 individuals with an HCV genotype (GT) 1 or 3 infection and virologic DAA treatment failure collected in the European Resistance Database.

Hodgkin Lymphoma after Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense Infection, Germany.

Mycobacterium genavense infection, a rare nontuberculous mycobacteria infection, occurs in heavily immunocompromised patients (i.e., those with advanced HIV disease, genetic disorders, or acquired immunologic disorders and those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy).

Influence of gender on cytokine induced depression and treatment: Gender aspects of IFN-α-induced depression.

Background: Cytokine treatment with Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) represents a clinical model of immune associated depression, but it remains unclear if it is of the same entity as major depressive disorder (MDD). The study focuses on possible gender differences in IFN-α induced depression and effects of a pre-emptive antidepressant treatment.

Methods: Data from 181 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (cHC) without history of mental illnesses undergoing treatment with IFN-α 2a and ribavirin were re-analyzed for gender effects.