[Factors involved in the success or failure of endoscopic treatment in paediatric primary vesicoureteral reflux: A systematic review.].

Objective: The objective of this paper isidentifying the factors that may condition the success or failure of endoscopic therapy for vesicoureteral reflux in the paediatric population.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A bibliographic review was performed in the Cochrane Library and PUBMED of all the studies which the principal subject was about identifying factors involved in the success or failure of endoscopic therapy for vesicoureteral reflux in the paediatric population.

Results: Of a total of 1410 studies, 14 studies and17 factors potentially involved in the success or failure of endoscopic therapy were fully analysed according to the different studies reviewed.

Leydig cell tumour: enucleation as a therapeutic choice in a case with atypical symptoms.

Objective: Testicular tumours are rare in paediatric patients, accounting for only 1% of tumours in boys. Leydig cell tumours are the most common gonadal stromal tumours. Since these tumours are functionally active, secreting testosterone, they characteristically produce isosexual pseudoprecocious puberty (IPP), the customary therapeutic choice being radical orchiectomy.

[Role of alpha antagonists in uncoordinated micturition syndrome in childhood].

Introduction: Dysfunctional voiding syndrome in children is characterized by a pattern of dysfunctional bladder emptying due to an active contraction of the external sphincter during micturition. Diagnosis is based on electromyographic and flowmetry results. The treatment is focused on relaxing the external sphincter during micturition where biofeedback is the treatment of choice.

[Quality of life in children operated on for anal atresia].

Introduction: Most children with anorectal malformations have some type of intestinal dysfunction. A correct follow up in this aspect after surgery affects their quality of life.

Material And Methods: We gathered a sample of 20 children that were lost in their follow up after posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP).

[Correction of lop ear using minimally invasive approach].

Introduction: Helix valgus or procident ears is a common problem that affects about 5% of the population. The folds of the antehelix and the overdevelopment of the concha are the most commonly found anatomic alterations of the ear pavilion. In children this pathology usually causes anxiety and an emotional trauma that may interfere in their normal development.