Structural racism and racial disparities in stroke mortality in the United States, 2021.

Objectives: To understand place-based drivers of racial disparities in stroke mortality in the United States by investigating the relationship between county-level measures of structural racism and racial disparities in stroke mortality.

Methods: We constructed an additive structural racism score from census-based indicators of racial disproportionality (income, poverty, unemployment, home ownership, education, health insurance) and residential segregation (evenness, isolation), as well as county-level jail incarceration data from the Vera Institute of Justice. We utilized age-standardized, spatially smoothed stroke death rates in 2021 for Black and White adults aged 35-64 years in the United States.

Fis1 is required for the development of the dendritic mitochondrial network in pyramidal cortical neurons.

Mitochondrial ATP production and calcium buffering are critical for metabolic regulation and neurotransmission making the formation and maintenance of the mitochondrial network a critical component of neuronal health. Cortical pyramidal neurons contain compartment-specific mitochondrial morphologies that result from distinct axonal and dendritic mitochondrial fission and fusion profiles. We previously showed that axonal mitochondria are maintained at a small size as a result of high axonal mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) activity.

Unique ultrastructural organization of human rod photoreceptors.

Rod and cone photoreceptor cells are specialized neurons responsible for transforming the information reaching the eyes in the form of photons into the language of neuronal activity. Rods are the most prevalent photoreceptor type, primarily responsible for light detection under conditions of limited illumination. Here we demonstrate that human rods have a morphological organization unique among all described species, whereby the cell soma extends alongside the light-sensitive outer segment compartment to form a structure we have termed the "accessory inner segment.

Consumer opinion on the use of machine learning in healthcare settings: A qualitative systematic review.

Introduction: Given the increasing number of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) tools in healthcare, we aimed to gain an understanding of consumer perspectives on the use of AI/ML tools for healthcare diagnostics.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative systematic review, following established standardized methods, of the existing literature indexed in the following databases up to 4 April 2022: OVID MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science.

Results: Fourteen studies were identified as appropriate for inclusion in the meta-synthesis and systematic review.

Siah2 antagonism of Pard3/JamC modulates Ntn1-Dcc signaling to regulate cerebellar granule neuron germinal zone exit.

Exiting a germinal zone (GZ) initiates a cascade of events that promote neuronal maturation and circuit assembly. Developing neurons and their progenitors must interpret various niche signals-such as morphogens, guidance molecules, extracellular matrix components, and adhesive cues-to navigate this region. How differentiating neurons in mouse brains integrate and adapt to multiple cell-extrinsic niche cues with their cell-intrinsic machinery in exiting a GZ is unknown.