Pathogenic Mechanisms of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Potential Direct and Indirect Counteractions by Intermittent Fasting.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created an unprecedented burden on human health and on the function and interaction of societies across the globe. Public health preventive measures, vaccines, and antivirals were key components of the world-wide response to the health emergency. Due to the uncoordinated and variably successful response to COVID-19 and the ability of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to rapidly mutate, SARS-CoV-2 continues to create considerable difficulty for humanity today.

Anatomy of the terminal branch of the posterior circumflex humeral artery: relevance to the deltopectoral approach to the shoulder.

Aims: Despite the expansion of arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder, the open deltopectoral approach is increasingly used for the fixation of fractures and arthroplasty of the shoulder. The anatomy of the terminal branches of the posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) has not been described before. We undertook an investigation to correct this omission.

Association between Propionibacterium acnes and frozen shoulder: a pilot study.

Background: Frozen shoulder has not previously been shown to be associated with infection. The present study set out to confirm the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between infection and frozen shoulder using two modern scientific methods, extended culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bacterial nucleic acids.

Methods: A prospective cohort of 10 patients undergoing arthroscopic release for stage II idiopathic frozen shoulder had two biopsies of tissue taken from the affected shoulder joint capsule at the time of surgery, along with control biopsies of subdermal fat.

Capstan screw rotator cuff repair: a novel two-row mini-open technique.

Background: Prospective data collection occurred between 2000 and 2010 on 143 consecutive patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears, aiming to examine the end-result of a new technique of mini-open double row repair: the Capstan screw technique.

Methods: All patients had a pre- and postoperative Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score and range of movement measurements. All were followed up for a minimum of 1 year with an exit questionnaire.

Arthroscopic capsular release for idiopathic frozen shoulder with intra-articular injection and a controlled manipulation.

Introduction: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the immediate and long-term effectiveness of arthroscopic capsular release in a large cohort of patients with a precise and isolated diagnosis of stage II idiopathic frozen shoulder.

Methods: All patients underwent a preoperative evaluation. Patients with secondary frozen shoulder and those with concurrent pathology at arthroscopy were excluded.