Body Schema as Assessed by Upper Limb Left/Right Judgment Tasks Is Altered in Stroke: Implications for Motor Imagery Training.

Background And Purpose: Individuals with stroke often experience significant impairment of the upper limb. Rehabilitation interventions targeting the upper limb are typically associated with only small to moderate gains. The knowledge that body schema can be altered in other upper limb conditions has contributed to the development of tailored rehabilitation approaches.

Comparison of irrigant activation devices and conventional needle irrigation on smear layer and debris removal in curved canals. (Smear layer removal from irrigant activation using SEM).

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of smear layer and debris removal in the final rinse of curved canals of permanent molars using different commercially available irrigant activation devices.

Methods: The mesial roots of 74 extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were instrumented using the Mtwo nickel-titanium rotary system (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany). They were then randomly assigned to one of three groups, varying in their final rinse protocol.

A regulatory role for protease-activated receptor-2 in motivational learning in rats.

Serine proteases such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), thrombin and neuropsin influence hippocampal plasticity involved in learning and memory by facilitating both synaptic remodelling and long-term potentiation. Given our previous findings that trypsin and its receptor, protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), are both highly expressed in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus and that activation of PAR2 attenuates 'pathogenic' plasticity related to epilepsy, we wished to determine the role for PAR2 in normal, non-pathological hippocampal plasticity related to learning and memory. In a strain of rat that show high basal levels of anxiety, the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), peripheral administration of the PAR2 peptide agonist, SLIGRL (1.

B2 kinin receptor activation is the predominant mechanism by which trypsin mediates endothelium-dependent relaxation in bovine coronary arteries.

The roles of kinin and protease-activated receptors (PAR) in endothelium-dependent relaxations to the serine protease, trypsin, were examined in rings of bovine left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Trypsin (0.01-30 U/ml) caused biphasic, endothelium-dependent relaxations-a high potency (0.

Protease-activated receptor-2 regulates trypsin expression in the brain and protects against seizures and epileptogenesis.

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)), primarily involved in inflammation, is highly expressed in limbic regions of the brain such as the hippocampus. Although extracellular proteolysis is involved in normal and stress-related neuronal plasticity associated with learning, memory and inflammatory disease states, little is known about the role of PAR(2) and its physiological agonist, trypsin, in the brain. We show immunohistochemically that trypsin co-localises with tissue plasminogen activator within granular-like structures in PAR(2)-positive pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus.