Risk transmission and driving factors of virtual water flows from the perspective of China's interregional water-energy-food trade.

Changes in water, energy, and food (WEF) trade patterns may reshape water circulation patterns, leading to potential water supply and demand risks. Analysis of virtual water risk transmission characteristics and driving factors from the perspective of WEF trade is highly important for alleviating the risk of water shortages and promoting the efficient use of resources. In this paper, a set of methods for quantifying risk transmission values is constructed on the basis of China's interregional input-output model, and the key paths of interregional virtual water risk transmission caused by WEF trade are identified using innovative methods.

Ultrasonic combined pH shifting strategy for improving the stability of emulsion stabilized by yeast proteins: Focused on solubility, protein structure, interface properties.

In this study, the improvement mechanism of yeast proteins (YPs) with the ultrasonic and pH shifting treatment on the emulsion stability was investigated through the solubility, protein structure and interface behavior of YPs. Compared with only pH shifting or ultrasound treatment, the solubility of YPs with the combined treatment of ultrasonic and pH shifting was increased significantly. The soluble protein content of pH-U400 reached 85.

pH-Responsive Polyethylene Glycol Engagers for Enhanced Brain Delivery of PEGylated Nanomedicine to Treat Glioblastoma.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a major obstacle for effective delivery of therapeutics to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Although transferrin receptor (TfR)-mediated transcytosis is widely employed for brain drug delivery, the inefficient release of therapeutic payload hinders their efficacy from crossing the BBB. Here, we developed a pH-responsive anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) × anti-TfR bispecific antibody (pH-PEG engager) that can complex with PEGylated nanomedicine at physiological pH to trigger TfR-mediated transcytosis in the brain microvascular endothelial cells, while rapidly dissociating from PEGylated nanomedicine at acidic endosomes for efficient release of PEGylated nanomedicine to cross the BBB.

Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to systematically investigate the value of the pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in prognosticating the outcome of patients with advanced cancer receiving immunotherapy. We searched Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify studies about cancer patients with immunotherapy until November 29, 2024. Retrospective or prospective cohort studies with pretreatment NLR data were included.

Comparison of Two-Point Versus Three-Point Fixation in Treatment of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures: An Updated Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures are a prevalent form of craniofacial trauma. However, no universally accepted fixation method has been established to prevent postreduction displacement in ZMC fractures.

Methods: Computerized and additional manual searches of the Medline, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Cochrane Central database for potential studies, published from inception to May 2024, were performed.