Effects of Stigmatizing Language on Trainees' Clinical Decision-Making in Substance Use Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Substance use disorder (SUD) continues to be one of the most stigmatized and under-treated conditions in the United States. Stigmatizing language used by healthcare workers can transmit bias to others within healthcare, including medical trainees. This study investigates how stigmatizing language and undergraduate medical education (UME) curricula may influence trainees' clinical decision-making for patients with SUD.

Urban-rural geographic distribution of Otorhinolaryngologist, Head and Neck surgeons in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Aim: We identified geographic distribution of Otorhinolaryngologist, Head and Neck surgeons in Aotearoa New Zealand. To identify the future workforce pipeline, we explored trainee intentions for specialist practice.

Method: A survey was distributed to all New Zealand Society of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (NZSOHNS) members and all current New Zealand Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery trainees.

Multisystemic Resilience and Anxious-Depressed Symptoms in Black Youth Exposed to Maternal Syndemics: A Mixed-Method Study.

We explored associations between multisystemic resilience and anxious-depressed symptoms in Black families experiencing maternal syndemics (i.e., co-occurring epidemics of substance abuse, violence, HIV/AIDS), using a sequential explanatory study design.

Evaluating the immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors utilizing PET imaging of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in breast cancer mouse models.

Background: Immune-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with tracers that target CD8 and granzyme B has shown promise in predicting the therapeutic response following immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in immunologically "hot" tumors. However, immune dynamics in the low T-cell infiltrating "cold" tumor immune microenvironment during ICB remain poorly understood. This study uses molecular imaging to evaluate changes in CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells during ICB in breast cancer models and examines biomarkers of response.