Interaction of the protective effect of breastfeeding and the aggravating effect of pacifier use in the occurrence of bronchiolitis in children.

Background: Acute bronchiolitis affects around 30 % of infants each winter in France. Breastfeeding (BF) is described as being protective against acute lower respiratory infections in developing countries, but this effect is more difficult to demonstrate in industrialized countries. Moreover, the effect of using a pacifier in the occurrence of bronchiolitis is not clearly established.

Breastfeeding and respiratory, ear and gastro-intestinal infections, in children, under the age of one year, admitted through the paediatric emergency departments of five hospitals.

Background: Breastfeeding is a protective factor against respiratory and intestinal infections in developing countries. In developed countries, proof of this protection is more difficult to show. The objective of the study is to compare the proportion of children breastfed during their first year in groups of children with infectious pathologies supposedly prevented by breastfeeding and children free of these infectious pathologies.

Do abused young children feel less pain?

The objective of this study was to investigate whether acute pain in abused children was under recognized by doctors and nurses compared to children evaluated for accidental injuries. We hypothesize that an abused child's reaction to physical pain could be an additional symptom of this challenging diagnosis. For the observational prospective case control study in an emergency department, children were eligible when: younger than six years old, the reported trauma occurred within the previous seven days, the trauma comprised a bone injury or burn, and the child was able to express his or her pain.

Why children with severe bacterial infection die: a population-based study of determinants and consequences of suboptimal care with a special emphasis on methodological issues.

Introduction: Suboptimal care is frequent in the management of severe bacterial infection. We aimed to evaluate the consequences of suboptimal care in the early management of severe bacterial infection in children and study the determinants.

Methods: A previously reported population-based confidential enquiry included all children (3 months- 16 years) who died of severe bacterial infection in a French area during a 7-year period.

[Comparison of two protocols of febrile urinary tract infection management in children].

Purpose: To compare two first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) management protocols with regards to the diagnosis of high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and cost.

Methods: This study compared two cohorts of children under 16 years of age, admitted for a first episode of febrile UTI. The first group (in 2005) was managed according to previous recommendations (IV treatment and cystography performed for all children under 3 years of age).