Association of Social Determinants of Health With Brain MRI Outcomes in Individuals With Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: Accumulating evidence points to worse clinical outcomes among adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) belonging to minority or poverty-affected groups. By contrast, little is known about the outcomes of these populations with pediatric-onset MS (POMS). Individuals with POMS represent 5% of the MS population and are more racially diverse yet have been understudied regarding socioeconomic environment or characteristics.

A deep learning model for brain segmentation across pediatric and adult populations.

Automated quantification of brain tissues on MR images has greatly contributed to the diagnosis and follow-up of neurological pathologies across various life stages. However, existing solutions are specifically designed for certain age ranges, limiting their applicability in monitoring brain development from infancy to late adulthood. This retrospective study aims to develop and validate a brain segmentation model across pediatric and adult populations.

Maternal anxiety during pregnancy is associated with weaker prefrontal functional connectivity in adult offspring.

Background: The connectome, constituting a unique fingerprint of a person's brain, may be influenced by its prenatal environment, potentially affecting later-life resilience and mental health.

Methods: We conducted a prospective resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging study in 28-year-old offspring (N = 49) of mothers whose anxiety was monitored during pregnancy. Two offspring anxiety subgroups were defined: "High anxiety" (n = 13) group versus "low-to-medium anxiety" (n = 36) group, based on maternal self-reported state anxiety at 12-22 weeks of gestation.

Volumetric brain changes in MOGAD: A cross-sectional and longitudinal comparative analysis.

Background: Relatively little is known about how global and regional brain volumes changes in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) compare with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and healthy controls (HC).

Objective: To compare global and regional brain volumes in MOGAD, MS, NMOSD, and HC cross-sectionally as well as longitudinally in a subset of patients.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all adult MOGAD and NMOSD patients with brain MRI performed in stable remission and compared them with MS patients and HC.

Selective vulnerability of brainstem and cervical spinal cord regions in people with non-progressive multiple sclerosis of Black or African American and European ancestry.

Background: We evaluated imaging features suggestive of neurodegeneration within the brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord (UCSC) in non-progressive multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: Standardized 3-Tesla three-dimensional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were prospectively acquired. Rates of change in volume, surface texture, curvature were quantified at the pons and medulla-UCSC.