Investigation of plasmas produced by laser ablation using single and double pulses for food analysis demonstrated by probing potato skins.

We report on investigations of plasmas produced by laser ablation of fresh potatoes using infrared nanosecond laser radiation. A twin laser system consisting of two Nd:YAG oscillators was used to generate single or double pulses of adjustable interpulse delay. The potatoes were irradiated under ambient air with moderate pulse energies of about 10 mJ.

The effect of scattered radiation in dual-energy analysis.

Dual-energy techniques can be used to provide additional information during x-ray examinations. A recent development has been in the application of dual-energy analysis to fluoroscopic procedures. In this paper the effects of scattered radiation upon the results obtained with a small area, dual-energy probe used during fluoroscopy has been evaluated.

A real time dual-energy probe for tissue characterization during fluoroscopy.

In the past dual-energy techniques have been applied with a variety of detector systems. However, making clinical decisions during a diagnostic x-ray procedure by using dual-energy information has not been possible. This paper looks at the development of a dual-energy probe that permits real time analysis.